Menu Expand
  • Hochschule für angewandtes Management GmbH
  • EN / DE
  • Login

What Does it Take to be a Star? – The Role of Performance and the Media for German Soccer Players

  1. Journals
  2. Economics, Finance, Business & Management
  3. Applied Economics Quarterly
  4. Vol. 54, Issue 1
  5. pp. 59–70

JOURNAL ARTICLE

Cite JOURNAL ARTICLE

Style
Lehmann, E., Schulze, G. What Does it Take to be a Star? – The Role of Performance and the Media for German Soccer Players. Applied Economics Quarterly, 54(1), 59-70. https://doi.org/10.3790/aeq.54.1.59
Lehmann, Erik E and Schulze, Günther G "What Does it Take to be a Star? – The Role of Performance and the Media for German Soccer Players" Applied Economics Quarterly 54.1, , 59-70. https://doi.org/10.3790/aeq.54.1.59
Lehmann, Erik E/Schulze, Günther G: What Does it Take to be a Star? – The Role of Performance and the Media for German Soccer Players, in: Applied Economics Quarterly, vol. 54, iss. 1, 59-70, [online] https://doi.org/10.3790/aeq.54.1.59
Format
Download

What Does it Take to be a Star? – The Role of Performance and the Media for German Soccer Players

Lehmann, Erik E | Schulze, Günther G

Applied Economics Quarterly, Vol. 54(2008), Iss. 1 : pp. 59–70 | First published online: October 03, 2017

63 Citations (CrossRef)

Preview Login to order (PDF)

Additional Information

Article Details

Publisher Name
Duncker & Humblot
DOI
https://doi.org/10.3790/aeq.54.1.59
Language
English
Pages
12

Pricing

Individual
€ 26.00 (incl. local VAT if applicable)

Author Details

1Dept. of Economics and Management, University of Augsburg.

2Dept. of Economics, University of Freiburg, D-79085 Freiburg i.Br., Germany.

Cited By

  1. Marken und Sport

    Stars als Human Brands im Sport: Ein State of the Art

    Hofmann, Julian

    2014

    https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8349-3695-0_11 [Citations: 0]

  2. Income distribution and nudity on social media: Attention economics of Instagram stars

    Gaenssle, Sophia

    Kyklos, Vol. 77(2024), Iss. 1 P.184

    https://doi.org/10.1111/kykl.12363 [Citations: 6]

  3. Task-specific human capital and returns to specialization: evidence from association football

    Kempa, Karol

    Oxford Economic Papers, Vol. 74(2022), Iss. 1 P.136

    https://doi.org/10.1093/oep/gpab006 [Citations: 8]

  4. The impact of investors on transfer fees in the English Premier League: A study of the ownership structures

    Richau, Lukas | Follert, Florian | Frenger, Monika | Emrich, Eike

    Corporate Ownership and Control, Vol. 18(2021), Iss. 3, special issue P.241

    https://doi.org/10.22495/cocv18i3siart2 [Citations: 8]

  5. When the crowd evaluates soccer players’ market values: Accuracy and evaluation attributes of an online community

    Herm, Steffen | Callsen-Bracker, Hans-Markus | Kreis, Henning

    Sport Management Review, Vol. 17(2014), Iss. 4 P.484

    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smr.2013.12.006 [Citations: 118]

  6. Popularity kills the Talentstar? Einflussfaktoren auf Superstargehälter in der NBA

    Prinz, Joachim | Weimar, Daniel | Deutscher, Christian

    Zeitschrift für Betriebswirtschaft, Vol. 82(2012), Iss. 7-8 P.789

    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11573-012-0587-7 [Citations: 19]

  7. The Power of Positional Concerns

    Torgler, Benno | Schmidt, Sascha L. | Frey, Bruno S.

    SSRN Electronic Journal, Vol. (2008), Iss.

    https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1128056 [Citations: 3]

  8. WITHDRAWN: Big Data Prediction of Sports Injury Based on Random Forest Algorithm and Computer Simulation

    Luan, Zhaoxia

    Microprocessors and Microsystems, Vol. (2021), Iss. P.104002

    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpro.2021.104002 [Citations: 1]

  9. Performance and Actual Pay in Norwegian Soccer

    Thrane, Christer

    Journal of Sports Economics, Vol. 20(2019), Iss. 8 P.1051

    https://doi.org/10.1177/1527002519851146 [Citations: 19]

  10. On Rosen’s and Adler’s hypotheses in the modern and contemporary visual art market

    Candela, Guido | Castellani, Massimiliano | Pattitoni, Pierpaolo | Di Lascio, F. Marta L.

    Empirical Economics, Vol. 51(2016), Iss. 1 P.415

    https://doi.org/10.1007/s00181-015-1002-3 [Citations: 21]

  11. The economics of social media (super-)stars: an empirical investigation of stardom and success on YouTube

    Budzinski, Oliver | Gaenssle, Sophia

    Journal of Media Economics, Vol. 31(2018), Iss. 3-4 P.75

    https://doi.org/10.1080/08997764.2020.1849228 [Citations: 20]

  12. Workload is associated with the occurrence of non-contact injuries in professional male soccer players: A pilot study

    Nobari, Hadi | Khalili, Sara Mahmoudzadeh | Zamorano, Angel Denche | Bowman, Thomas G. | Granacher, Urs

    Frontiers in Psychology, Vol. 13(2022), Iss.

    https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.925722 [Citations: 6]

  13. Press Pass: Payoffs to Media Exposure Among National Football League (NFL) Wide Receivers

    Treme, Julianne | Allen, Samuel K.

    Journal of Sports Economics, Vol. 12(2011), Iss. 3 P.370

    https://doi.org/10.1177/1527002511404776 [Citations: 8]

  14. Estimation of Market Values of Football Players through Artificial Neural Network: A Model Study from the Turkish Super League

    Inan, Tugbay | Cavas, Levent

    Applied Artificial Intelligence, Vol. 35(2021), Iss. 13 P.1022

    https://doi.org/10.1080/08839514.2021.1966884 [Citations: 12]

  15. Does Online Media Put Beauty before Performance? The Impact of Physical Attractiveness on the Popularity of Female Tennis Players in Online Media

    Kiefer, Stephanie | Scharfenkamp, Katrin

    International Journal of Sport Finance, Vol. 13(2018), Iss. 2 P.156

    https://doi.org/10.1177/155862351801300204 [Citations: 0]

  16. Putting a price on popularity: Evidence from superstars in the National Basketball Association

    Kaplan, Scott M.

    Economic Inquiry, Vol. 60(2022), Iss. 3 P.1357

    https://doi.org/10.1111/ecin.13065 [Citations: 17]

  17. Talent and publicity as determinants of superstar incomes: empirical evidence from the motion picture industry

    Hofmann, Kay H. | Opitz, Christian

    Applied Economics, Vol. 51(2019), Iss. 13 P.1383

    https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2018.1527452 [Citations: 21]

  18. Image is everything! Professional football players' visibility and wages: evidence from the Italian Serie A

    Bernardo, Giovanni | Ruberti, Massimo | Verona, Roberto

    Applied Economics, Vol. 54(2022), Iss. 5 P.595

    https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2021.1967863 [Citations: 7]

  19. What makes you ‘super-rich’? New evidence from an analysis of football players’ wages

    Carrieri, Vincenzo | Principe, Francesco | Raitano, Michele

    Oxford Economic Papers, Vol. 70(2018), Iss. 4 P.950

    https://doi.org/10.1093/oep/gpy025 [Citations: 23]

  20. Overshadowed by Popularity: The Value of Second-Tier Stars in European Football

    Jedelhauser, Fabienne | Flepp, Raphael | Franck, Egon

    Journal of Sports Economics, Vol. 24(2023), Iss. 8 P.1026

    https://doi.org/10.1177/15270025231187880 [Citations: 5]

  21. Kazandıran Sadece Futbol Mu? Futbolcu Tanınırlığı İle Futbolcu Piyasa Değerleri Arasındaki İlişki: Türkiye Futbol Süper Liginin Yatay Kesitsel Analizi

    Horasan, Emre | Keleş, Emrah

    M U Iktisadi ve Idari Bilimler Dergisi, Vol. (2017), Iss. P.157

    https://doi.org/10.14780/muiibd.329917 [Citations: 0]

  22. Bank performance and executive pay: tournament or teamwork

    Yu, Peiyi | Van Luu, Bac

    Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Vol. 47(2016), Iss. 3 P.607

    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11156-015-0514-4 [Citations: 7]

  23. Predicting noncontact injuries of professional football players using machine learning

    Freitas, Diogo Nuno | Mostafa, Sheikh Shanawaz | Caldeira, Romualdo | Santos, Francisco | Fermé, Eduardo | Gouveia, Élvio R. | Morgado-Dias, Fernando | Dwyer, Dan

    PLOS ONE, Vol. 20(2025), Iss. 1 P.e0315481

    https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0315481 [Citations: 3]

  24. Cultural and economic value: a critical review

    Angelini, Francesco | Castellani, Massimiliano

    Journal of Cultural Economics, Vol. 43(2019), Iss. 2 P.173

    https://doi.org/10.1007/s10824-018-9334-4 [Citations: 41]

  25. Looking Awkward when Winning and Foolish when Losing: Inequity Aversion and Performance in the Field

    Torgler, Benno | Schaffner, Markus | Frey, Bruno S. | Schmidt, Sascha L.

    SSRN Electronic Journal, Vol. (2008), Iss.

    https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1128066 [Citations: 4]

  26. Star Artists and Herding in Fine Arts’ Market: Theory and Empirical Evidence

    Azarmi, Ted F. | Menny, Philipp R. P.

    SSRN Electronic Journal, Vol. (2013), Iss.

    https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2232307 [Citations: 1]

  27. Presentation of celebrities’ private life through visual social media

    Klostermann, Jan | Meißner, Martin | Max, Alexander | Decker, Reinhold

    Journal of Business Research, Vol. 156(2023), Iss. P.113524

    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.113524 [Citations: 15]

  29. Relative Income Position and Performance: An Empirical Panel Analysis

    Torgler, Benno | Schmidt, Sascha L. | Frey, Bruno S.

    SSRN Electronic Journal, Vol. (2006), Iss.

    https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.889328 [Citations: 8]

  30. Beyond performance? The importance of subjective and objective physical appearance in award nominations and receptions in football

    Chan, Ho Fai | Ulrich, Fabian | Altman, Hannah | Schmidt, Sascha L. | Schreyer, Dominik | Torgler, Benno

    Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Vol. 204(2022), Iss. P.271

    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2022.10.022 [Citations: 7]

  31. Does Performance Consistency Pay Off Financially for Players? Evidence From the Bundesliga

    Deutscher, Christian | Büschemann, Arne

    Journal of Sports Economics, Vol. 17(2016), Iss. 1 P.27

    https://doi.org/10.1177/1527002514521428 [Citations: 28]

  32. TALENT AND/OR POPULARITY: WHAT DOES IT TAKE TO BE A SUPERSTAR?

    FRANCK, EGON | NÜESCH, STEPHAN

    Economic Inquiry, Vol. 50(2012), Iss. 1 P.202

    https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-7295.2010.00360.x [Citations: 171]

  33. No Pain, No Gain? Effort and Productivity in Professional Soccer

    Wicker, Pamela | Prinz, Joachim | Weimar, Daniel | Deutscher, Christian | Upmann, Thorsten

    International Journal of Sport Finance, Vol. 8(2013), Iss. 2 P.124

    https://doi.org/10.1177/155862351300800203 [Citations: 2]

  34. Recruiting talent in a global sports market: appraisals of soccer players' transfer fees

    Garcia-del-Barrio, Pedro | Pujol, Francesc

    Managerial Finance, Vol. 47(2021), Iss. 6 P.789

    https://doi.org/10.1108/MF-04-2020-0213 [Citations: 19]

  35. A játékosvásárlás és az eredményesség kapcsolata a hivatásos labdarúgásban

    Havran, Zsolt

    Vezetéstudomány / Budapest Management Review, Vol. (2016), Iss. P.30

    https://doi.org/10.14267/VEZTUD.2016.06.03 [Citations: 2]

  36. The Returns to Scarce Talent

    Bryson, Alex | Frick, Bernd | Simmons, Rob

    Journal of Sports Economics, Vol. 14(2013), Iss. 6 P.606

    https://doi.org/10.1177/1527002511435118 [Citations: 106]

  37. Beyond crowd judgments: Data-driven estimation of market value in association football

    Müller, Oliver | Simons, Alexander | Weinmann, Markus

    European Journal of Operational Research, Vol. 263(2017), Iss. 2 P.611

    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2017.05.005 [Citations: 125]

  38. The most likeable soccer players and the least likeable hockey players are in greater demand

    Kotrba, Vojtěch | Strnadová, Mirka | Martinez, Luis F. | Brinca, Pedro

    The Journal of Economic Inequality, Vol. 23(2025), Iss. 2 P.529

    https://doi.org/10.1007/s10888-024-09650-9 [Citations: 0]

  39. The effect of wage dispersion on team outcome and the way team outcome is produced

    Franck, Egon | Nüesch, Stephan

    Applied Economics, Vol. 43(2011), Iss. 23 P.3037

    https://doi.org/10.1080/00036840903427224 [Citations: 76]

  40. Being a golf trainer in China: The life of an artist?

    Aurélien, Boucher | Yuqing, Li | Xueyun, Shao

    International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, Vol. 16(2021), Iss. 4 P.1021

    https://doi.org/10.1177/1747954121998012 [Citations: 1]

  41. Effective injury forecasting in soccer with GPS training data and machine learning

    Rossi, Alessio | Pappalardo, Luca | Cintia, Paolo | Iaia, F. Marcello | Fernàndez, Javier | Medina, Daniel | Sampaio, Jaime

    PLOS ONE, Vol. 13(2018), Iss. 7 P.e0201264

    https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0201264 [Citations: 217]

  42. Performance and beauty in sports ̶on the market value and popularity of European female soccer players

    Pieper, Marco | Schulze, Günther G.

    Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Vol. 218(2024), Iss. P.309

    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2023.12.021 [Citations: 3]

  43. Salary differences under the salary cap in Major League Soccer

    Celik, Onur B | Ince-Yenilmez, Meltem

    International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, Vol. 12(2017), Iss. 5 P.623

    https://doi.org/10.1177/1747954117727809 [Citations: 6]

  44. Let's Get Messi? Top‐Scorer Productivity in the European Champions League

    Fry, Tim R. L. | Galanos, Guillaume | Posso, Alberto

    Scottish Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 61(2014), Iss. 3 P.261

    https://doi.org/10.1111/sjpe.12044 [Citations: 6]

  45. Substitution and complementarity between managers and subordinates: Evidence from British football

    Bridgewater, Sue | Kahn, Lawrence M. | Goodall, Amanda H.

    Labour Economics, Vol. 18(2011), Iss. 3 P.275

    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.labeco.2010.10.001 [Citations: 28]

  46. Talent or popularity: What drives market value and brand image for human brands?

    Hofmann, Julian | Schnittka, Oliver | Johnen, Marius | Kottemann, Pascal

    Journal of Business Research, Vol. 124(2021), Iss. P.748

    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.03.045 [Citations: 50]

  47. Is it profitable to represent the country? Evidence on the sport-related income of funded top-level athletes in Germany

    Wicker, Pamela | Breuer, Christoph | von Hanau, Tassilo

    Managing Leisure, Vol. 17(2012), Iss. 2-3 P.221

    https://doi.org/10.1080/13606719.2012.674396 [Citations: 8]

  48. Performance, Salaries, and Contract Length: Empirical Evidence from German Soccer

    Frick, Bernd

    International Journal of Sport Finance, Vol. 6(2011), Iss. 2 P.87

    https://doi.org/10.1177/155862351100600201 [Citations: 2]

  49. The Impact of the Euro 2012 on Popularity and Market Value of Football Players

    Kiefer, Stephanie

    International Journal of Sport Finance, Vol. 9(2014), Iss. 2 P.95

    https://doi.org/10.1177/155862351400900201 [Citations: 2]

  50. Economie des arts et de la culture

    Bibliographie

    Mairesse, François | Rochelandet, Fabrice

    2015

    https://doi.org/10.3917/arco.maire.2015.01.0247 [Citations: 0]

  51. Upward and downward job mobility and player market values in contemporary European professional football

    Velema, Thijs A.

    Sport Management Review, Vol. 22(2019), Iss. 2 P.209

    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smr.2018.02.004 [Citations: 15]

  52. Online Popularity, Fake Followers and Soccer Players' Value

    Marquis, Théo | Soulié, Nicolas

    SSRN Electronic Journal , Vol. (2022), Iss.

    https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4078998 [Citations: 1]

  53. Are English football players overvalued?

    Bell, Adrian R. | Brooks, Chris | Brooks, Rohan

    Applied Economics, Vol. 56(2024), Iss. 21 P.2568

    https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2023.2192032 [Citations: 3]

  54. Marken und Sport

    Stars als Human Brands im Sport: Ein State of the Art

    Hofmann, Julian

    2014

    https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8349-3695-0_11 [Citations: 0]

  55. Sprint Variables Are Associated with the Odds Ratios of Non-Contact Injuries in Professional Soccer Players

    Nobari, Hadi | Mainer-Pardos, Elena | Denche Zamorano, Angel | Bowman, Thomas G. | Clemente, Filipe Manuel | Pérez-Gómez, Jorge

    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol. 18(2021), Iss. 19 P.10417

    https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph181910417 [Citations: 13]

  56. Do Employees Care About Their Relative Income Position? Behavioral Evidence Focusing on Performance in Professional Team Sport

    Frey, Bruno S. | Schaffner, Markus | Schmidt, Sascha L. | Torgler, Benno

    Social Science Quarterly, Vol. 94(2013), Iss. 4 P.912

    https://doi.org/10.1111/ssqu.12024 [Citations: 13]

  57. Money Talks: Team Variables and Player Positions that Most Influence the Market Value of Professional Male Footballers in Europe

    Felipe, Jose Luis | Fernandez-Luna, Alvaro | Burillo, Pablo | de la Riva, Luis Eduardo | Sanchez-Sanchez, Javier | Garcia-Unanue, Jorge

    Sustainability, Vol. 12(2020), Iss. 9 P.3709

    https://doi.org/10.3390/su12093709 [Citations: 20]

  58. Informative Brand Advertising and Pricing Strategies in Internet Markets with Heterogeneous Consumer Search

    McDonald, Stephen | Wren, Colin

    International Journal of the Economics of Business, Vol. 19(2012), Iss. 1 P.103

    https://doi.org/10.1080/13571516.2012.642642 [Citations: 9]

  59. Using composite performance variables to explain football players’ market values

    Thrane, Christer

    Managing Sport and Leisure, Vol. (2024), Iss. P.1

    https://doi.org/10.1080/23750472.2024.2305902 [Citations: 2]

  60. Football experts versus sports economists: Whose forecasts are better?

    Frick, Bernd | Wicker, Pamela

    European Journal of Sport Science, Vol. 16(2016), Iss. 5 P.603

    https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2015.1119196 [Citations: 5]

  61. Performance under pressure: estimating the returns to mental strength in professional basketball

    Deutscher, Christian | Frick, Bernd | Prinz, Joachim

    European Sport Management Quarterly, Vol. 13(2013), Iss. 2 P.216

    https://doi.org/10.1080/16184742.2012.742122 [Citations: 10]

  62. The Effect of a Sports Institution's Legal Structure on Sponsorship Income: The Case of Amateur Equestrian Sports in Germany

    Wicker, Pamela | Weingaertner, Christian | Breuer, Christoph | Dietl, Helmut

    International Journal of Sport Finance, Vol. 7(2012), Iss. 4 P.340

    https://doi.org/10.1177/155862351200700405 [Citations: 0]

  63. Temporal variations in technical efficiency: evidence from German soccer

    Frick, Bernd | Lee, Young Hoon

    Journal of Productivity Analysis, Vol. 35(2011), Iss. 1 P.15

    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11123-010-0175-1 [Citations: 11]

Abstract

We test existing superstar theories for the German soccer league. We use various measures for individual players' performance and media presence to analyze whether performance and popularity can explain salaries and superstars in soccer. Moreover, we argue that quantile regression technique should be applied to analyze superstar phenomena instead of OLS used hitherto.

Contact

Duncker & Humblot GmbH Carl-Heinrich-Becker-Weg 9 12165 Berlin, Deutschland T: +49 30 790006-0

Quick Navigation

2025 Duncker & Humblot GmbH

Publishing Platform by CloudPublish

We use cookies to ensure that you get the best experience on our website. Learn more about how we use cookies.