Menu Expand
  • Hochschule für angewandtes Management GmbH
  • EN / DE
  • Login

Understanding the Methodological Approaches of Endogeneity Issues in Recent Studies on Energy Consumption and Its Determinants

Cite JOURNAL ARTICLE

Style

Trinh, H., Ngo, T., Le, T. Understanding the Methodological Approaches of Endogeneity Issues in Recent Studies on Energy Consumption and Its Determinants. Applied Economics Quarterly, 69(1), 25-47. https://doi.org/10.3790/aeq.2023.1467403
Trinh, Hai Hong; Ngo, Thanh and Le, Tu "Understanding the Methodological Approaches of Endogeneity Issues in Recent Studies on Energy Consumption and Its Determinants" Applied Economics Quarterly 69.1, 2023, 25-47. https://doi.org/10.3790/aeq.2023.1467403
Trinh, Hai Hong/Ngo, Thanh/Le, Tu (2023): Understanding the Methodological Approaches of Endogeneity Issues in Recent Studies on Energy Consumption and Its Determinants, in: Applied Economics Quarterly, vol. 69, iss. 1, 25-47, [online] https://doi.org/10.3790/aeq.2023.1467403

Format

Understanding the Methodological Approaches of Endogeneity Issues in Recent Studies on Energy Consumption and Its Determinants

Trinh, Hai Hong | Ngo, Thanh | Le, Tu

Applied Economics Quarterly, Vol. 69(2023), Iss. 1 : pp. 25–47 | First published online: December 18, 2025

Additional Information

Article Details

Pricing

Author Details

School of Economics and Finance, Massey Business School, Massey University, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand.

Corresponding author. School of Aviation, Massey Business School, Massey University, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand and University of Economics and Businesses, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam.

University of Economics and Law, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam and Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.

References

  1. Acheampong, A. O./Boateng, E./Amponsah, M./Dzator, J. (2021): Revisiting the economic growth–energy consumption nexus: Does globalization matter? Energy Economics 102, 105472.  Google Scholar
  2. Ahmad, A./Zhao, Y./Shahbaz, M./Bano, S./Zhang, Z./Wang, S./Liu, Y. (2016): Carbon emissions, energy consumption and economic growth: An aggregate and disaggregate analysis of the Indian economy. Energy Policy 96, 131–143.  Google Scholar
  3. Ahmad, N./Aghdam, R. F./Butt, I./Naveed, A. (2020): Citation-based systematic literature review of energy-growth nexus: An overview of the field and content analysis of the top 50 influential papers. Energy Economics 86, 104642.  Google Scholar
  4. Ahmad, T./Zhang, D. (2020): A critical review of comparative global historical energy consumption and future demand: The story told so far. Energy Reports 6, 1973–1991.  Google Scholar
  5. Asongu, S. A./Odhiambo, N. M. (2021): Inequality, finance and renewable energy consumption in Sub-Saharan Africa. Renewable Energy 165, 678–688.  Google Scholar
  6. Bano, S./Zhao, Y./Ahmad, A./Wang, S./Liu, Y. (2018): Identifying the impacts of human capital on carbon emissions in Pakistan. Journal of Cleaner Production 183, 1082–1092.  Google Scholar
  7. Baum, C. F./Schaffer, M. E./Stillman, S. (2003): Instrumental variables and GMM: Estimation and testing. The Stata Journal 3(1), 1–31.  Google Scholar
  8. Ben Jebli, M./Ben Youssef, S. (2017): Renewable energy consumption and agriculture: evidence for cointegration and Granger causality for Tunisian economy. International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology 24(2), 149–158.  Google Scholar
  9. Berk, I./Kasman, A./Kılınç, D. (2020): Towards a common renewable future: The System-GMM approach to assess the convergence in renewable energy consumption of EU countries. Energy Economics 87, 103922.  Google Scholar
  10. Bun, M. J. G./Windmeijer, F. (2010): The weak instrument problem of the system GMM estimator in dynamic panel data models. The Econometrics Journal 13(1), 95–126.  Google Scholar
  11. Cai, Y./Sam, C. Y./Chang, T. (2018): Nexus between clean energy consumption, economic growth and CO2 emissions. Journal of Cleaner Production 182, 1001–1011.  Google Scholar
  12. Canay, I. A. (2011): A simple approach to quantile regression for panel data. The Econometrics Journal 14(3), 368–386.  Google Scholar
  13. Chen, J./Wu, Y./Wen, J./Cheng, S./Wang, J. (2017): Regional differences in China’s fossil energy consumption: an analysis for the period 1997–2013. Journal of Cleaner Production 142, 578–588.  Google Scholar
  14. Choi, I. (2001): Unit root tests for panel data. Journal of International Money and Finance 20(2), 249–272.  Google Scholar
  15. Danish, K./Wang, Z. (2019): Does biomass energy consumption help to control environmental pollution? Evidence from BRICS countries. Science of The Total Environment 670, 1075–1083.  Google Scholar
  16. Doğan, B./Balsalobre-Lorente, D./Nasir, M. A. (2020): European commitment to COP21 and the role of energy consumption, FDI, trade and economic complexity in sustaining economic growth. Journal of Environmental Management 273, 111146.  Google Scholar
  17. Dong, X.-Y./Hao, Y. (2018): Would income inequality affect electricity consumption? Evidence from China. Energy 142, 215–227.  Google Scholar
  18. Emre Caglar, A. (2020): The importance of renewable energy consumption and FDI inflows in reducing environmental degradation: Bootstrap ARDL bound test in selected 9 countries. Journal of Cleaner Production 264, 121663.  Google Scholar
  19. Farooq, U./Ahmed, J./Tabash, M. I./Anagreh, S./Subhani, B. H. (2021): Nexus between government green environmental concerns and corporate real investment: Empirical evidence from selected Asian economies. Journal of Cleaner Production 314, 128089.  Google Scholar
  20. Friedl, B./Getzner, M. (2003): Determinants of CO2 emissions in a small open economy. Ecological Economics 45(1), 133–148.  Google Scholar
  21. Gao, K./Yuan, Y. (2021): The effect of innovation-driven development on pollution reduction: Empirical evidence from a quasi-natural experiment in China. Technological Forecasting and Social Change 172, 121047.  Google Scholar
  22. Hao, Y./Zhang, T./Jing, L./Xiao, L. (2019): Would the decoupling of electricity occur along with economic growth? Empirical evidence from the panel data analysis for 100 Chinese cities. Energy 180, 615–625.  Google Scholar
  23. Haque, M. I. (2021): Oil price shocks and energy consumption in GCC countries: a system-GMM approach. Environment, Development and Sustainability 23(6), 9336–9351.  Google Scholar
  24. He, X. (2022): Energy effect of urban diversity: An empirical study from a land-use perspective. Energy Economics 108, 105892.  Google Scholar
  25. Im, K. S./Pesaran, M. H./Shin, Y. (2003): Testing for unit roots in heterogeneous panels. Journal of Econometrics 115(1), 53–74.  Google Scholar
  26. Isiksal, A. Z./Samour, A./Resatoglu, N. G. (2019): Testing the impact of real interest rate, income, and energy consumption on Turkey’s CO2 emissions. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 26(20), 20219–20231.  Google Scholar
  27. Javid, M./Sharif, F. (2016): Environmental Kuznets curve and financial development in Pakistan. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 54, 406–414.  Google Scholar
  28. Jiang, Z./Lyu, P./Ye, L./Zhou, Y. W. (2020): Green innovation transformation, economic sustainability and energy consumption during China’s new normal stage. Journal of Cleaner Production 273, 123044.  Google Scholar
  29. Jin, G./Shen, K./Li, J. (2020): Interjurisdiction political competition and green total factor productivity in China: An inverted-U relationship. China Economic Review 61, 101224.  Google Scholar
  30. Kahouli, B. (2019): Does static and dynamic relationship between economic growth and energy consumption exist in OECD countries? Energy Reports 5, 104–116.  Google Scholar
  31. Katircioglu, S./Katircioglu, S. (2018): Testing the role of fiscal policy in the environmental degradation: the case of Turkey. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 25(6), 5616–5630.  Google Scholar
  32. Khan, M. K./Trinh, H. H./Khan, I. U./Ullah, S. (2021): Sustainable economic activities, climate change, and carbon risk: an international evidence. Environment, Development and Sustainability 24, 9642–9664  Google Scholar
  33. Latief, R./Kong, Y./Peng, Y./Javeed, S. A. (2020): Conceptualizing Pathways of Sustainable Development in the Union for the Mediterranean Countries with an Empirical Intersection of Energy Consumption and Economic Growth. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17(15), 5614.  Google Scholar
  34. Le, T./Pham, X. T. T. (2021): The inter-relationships among liquidity creation, bank capital and credit risk: evidence from emerging Asia–Pacific economies. Managerial Finance 47(8), 1149–1167.  Google Scholar
  35. Le, T. D./Ho, T. H./Nguyen, D. T./Ngo, T. (2021): Fintech credit and bank efficiency: International evidence. International Journal of Financial Studies 9(3), 1–16.  Google Scholar
  36. Le, T.-H./Boubaker, S./Nguyen, C. P. (2021): The energy-growth nexus revisited: An analysis of different types of energy. Journal of Environmental Management 297, 113351.  Google Scholar
  37. Levin, A./Lin, C.-F./James Chu, C.-S. (2002): Unit root tests in panel data: asymptotic and finite-sample properties. Journal of Econometrics 108(1), 1–24.  Google Scholar
  38. Lin, B./Xu, B. (2018): How to promote the growth of new energy industry at different stages? Energy Policy 118, 390–403.  Google Scholar
  39. Liu, X./Bae, J. (2018): Urbanization and industrialization impact of CO2 emissions in China. Journal of Cleaner Production 172, 178–186.  Google Scholar
  40. Liu, Y./Li, Z./Yin, X. (2018): The effects of three types of environmental regulation on energy consumption – evidence from China. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 25(27), 27334–27351.  Google Scholar
  41. Mensah, I. A./Sun, M./Gao, C./Omari-Sasu, A. Y./Zhu, D./Ampimah, B. C./Quarcoo, A. (2019): Analysis on the nexus of economic growth, fossil fuel energy consumption, CO2 emissions and oil price in Africa based on a PMG panel ARDL approach. Journal of Cleaner Production 228, 161–174.  Google Scholar
  42. Mikayilov, J. I./Galeotti, M./Hasanov, F. J. (2018): The impact of economic growth on CO2 emissions in Azerbaijan. Journal of Cleaner Production 197, 1558–1572.  Google Scholar
  43. Muhammad, B. (2019): Energy consumption, CO2 emissions and economic growth in developed, emerging and Middle East and North Africa countries. Energy 179, 232–245.  Google Scholar
  44. Muhammad, S./Long, X./Salman, M., Dauda, L. (2020): Effect of urbanization and international trade on CO2 emissions across 65 belt and road initiative countries. Energy 196, 117102.  Google Scholar
  45. Murshed, M. (2020): Are Trade Liberalization policies aligned with Renewable Energy Transition in low and middle income countries? An Instrumental Variable approach. Renewable Energy 151, 1110–1123.  Google Scholar
  46. Nepal, R./Musibau, H. O./Jamasb, T. (2021): Energy consumption as an indicator of energy efficiency and emissions in the European Union: A GMM based quantile regression approach. Energy Policy 158, 112572.  Google Scholar
  47. Ngo, T./Le, T. (2019): Capital market development and bank efficiency: a cross-country analysis. International Journal of Managerial Finance 15(4), 478–491.  Google Scholar
  48. Ouyang, Y./Li, P. (2018): On the nexus of financial development, economic growth, and energy consumption in China: New perspective from a GMM panel VAR approach. Energy Economics 71, 238–252.  Google Scholar
  49. Pao, H.-T./Chen, C.-C. (2019): Decoupling strategies: CO2 emissions, energy resources, and economic growth in the Group of Twenty. Journal of Cleaner Production 206, 907–919.  Google Scholar
  50. Pata, U. K. (2018): The influence of coal and noncarbohydrate energy consumption on CO2 emissions: Revisiting the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis for Turkey. Energy 160, 1115–1123.  Google Scholar
  51. Pata, U. K./Aydin, M. (2020): Testing the EKC hypothesis for the top six hydropower energy-consuming countries: Evidence from Fourier Bootstrap ARDL procedure. Journal of Cleaner Production 264, 121699.  Google Scholar
  52. Pesaran, M. H. (2006): Estimation and Inference in Large Heterogeneous Panels with a Multifactor Error Structure. Econometrica 74(4), 967–1012.  Google Scholar
  53. Pesaran, M. H. (2007): A simple panel unit root test in the presence of cross-section dependence. Journal of Applied Econometrics 22(2), 265–312.  Google Scholar
  54. Pesaran, M. H. (2021): General diagnostic tests for cross-sectional dependence in panels. Empirical Economics 60(1), 13–50.  Google Scholar
  55. Pesaran, M. H./Shin, Y. (1999): An Autoregressive Distributed-Lag Modelling Approach to Cointegration Analysis. In S. Strøm (Ed.), Econometrics and Economic Theory in the 20th Century: The Ragnar Frisch Centennial Symposium. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 371–413.  Google Scholar
  56. Porter, M. E. (1991): America green strategy. Scientific American 264(4), 168–168.  Google Scholar
  57. Porto, N./Pitetti, D. A./Ciaschi, M. (2022): A worldwide tourism-extended Environmental Kuznets Curve. New approaches in a comparative analysis. Journal of Sustainable Tourism 31, 1–19.  Google Scholar
  58. Qamruzzaman, M./Jianguo, W. (2020): The asymmetric relationship between financial development, trade openness, foreign capital flows, and renewable energy consumption: Fresh evidence from panel NARDL investigation. Renewable Energy 159, 827–842.  Google Scholar
  59. Rehman Khan, S. A./Zhang, Y./Anees, M./Golpîra, H./Lahmar, A./Qianli, D. (2018): Green supply chain management, economic growth and environment: A GMM based evidence. Journal of Cleaner Production 185, 588–599.  Google Scholar
  60. Roodman, D. (2009): How to do xtabond2: An introduction to difference and system GMM in Stata. The Stata Journal 9(1), 86–136.  Google Scholar
  61. Salari, M./Kelly, I./Doytch, N./Javid, R. J. (2021): Economic growth and renewable and non-renewable energy consumption: Evidence from the U.S. states. Renewable Energy 178, 50–65.  Google Scholar
  62. Shahbaz, M./Nasir, M. A./Roubaud, D. (2018): Environmental degradation in France: The effects of FDI, financial development, and energy innovations. Energy Economics 74, 843–857.  Google Scholar
  63. Shan, Y./Guan, D./Zheng, H./Ou, J./Li, Y./Meng, J./… Zhang, Q. (2018): China CO2 emission accounts 1997–2015. Scientific Data 5(1), 170201.  Google Scholar
  64. Shan, Y./Liu, J./Liu, Z./Xu, X./Shao, S./Wang, P./Guan, D. (2016): New provincial CO2 emission inventories in China based on apparent energy consumption data and updated emission factors. Applied Energy 184, 742–750.  Google Scholar
  65. Sharma, G. D./Tiwari, A. K./Erkut, B./Mundi, H. S. (2021): Exploring the nexus between non-renewable and renewable energy consumptions and economic development: Evidence from panel estimations. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 146, 111152.  Google Scholar
  66. Tan, R./Liu, K./Lin, B. (2018): Transportation infrastructure development and China’s energy intensive industries – A road development perspective. Energy 149, 587–596.  Google Scholar
  67. Ullah, S./Akhtar, P./Zaefarian, G. (2018): Dealing with endogeneity bias: The generalized method of moments (GMM) for panel data. Industrial Marketing Management 71, 69–78.  Google Scholar
  68. Ullah, S./Zaefarian, G./Ullah, F. (2021): How to use instrumental variables in addressing endogeneity? A step-by-step procedure for non-specialists. Industrial Marketing Management 96, A1–A6.  Google Scholar
  69. Usman, O./Alola, A.A./Akadiri, S. S. (2022): Effects of domestic material consumption, renewable energy, and financial development on environmental sustainability in the EU-28: Evidence from a GMM panel-VAR. Renewable Energy 184, 239–251.  Google Scholar
  70. Uzar, U. (2020): Is income inequality a driver for renewable energy consumption? Journal of Cleaner Production 255, 120287.  Google Scholar
  71. Waheed, R./Sarwar, S./Wei, C. (2019): The survey of economic growth, energy consumption and carbon emission. Energy Reports 5, 1103–1115.  Google Scholar
  72. Wang, J./Dong, X./Qiao, H./Dong, K. (2020): Impact assessment of agriculture, energy and water on CO2 emissions in China: untangling the differences between major and non-major grain-producing areas. Applied Economics 52(60), 6482–6497.  Google Scholar
  73. Wang, J./Zhang, S./Zhang, Q. (2021): The relationship of renewable energy consumption to financial development and economic growth in China. Renewable Energy 170, 897–904.  Google Scholar
  74. Wang, S./Li, G./Fang, C. (2018): Urbanization, economic growth, energy consumption, and CO2 emissions: Empirical evidence from countries with different income levels. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 81, 2144–2159.  Google Scholar
  75. Wen, J./Farooq, U./Tabash, M. I./El Refae, G. A./Ahmed, J./Subhani, B. H. (2021): Government green environmental concerns and corporate real investment decisions: Does financial sector development matter? Energy Policy 158, 112585.  Google Scholar
  76. World Bank. (2021): World Development Indicators (WDI): Washington, DC: The World Bank.  Google Scholar
  77. Wu, H./Xu, L./Ren, S./Hao, Y./Yan, G. (2020): How do energy consumption and environmental regulation affect carbon emissions in China? New evidence from a dynamic threshold panel model. Resources Policy 67, 101678.  Google Scholar
  78. Yao, Y./Ivanovski, K./Inekwe, J./Smyth, R. (2019): Human capital and energy consumption: Evidence from OECD countries. Energy Economics 84, 104534.  Google Scholar
  79. Yasmeen, R./Li, Y./Hafeez, M./Ahmad, H. (2018): The trade-environment nexus in light of governance: a global potential. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 25(34), 34360–34379.  Google Scholar
  80. Yu, C./Nataliia, D./Yoo, S.-J./Hwang, Y.-S. (2019): Does trade openness convey a positive impact for the environmental quality? Evidence from a panel of CIS countries. Eurasian Geography and Economics 60(3), 333–356.  Google Scholar
  81. Zhang, F./Wang, F./Yao, S. (2021): High-speed rail accessibility and haze pollution in China: A spatial econometrics perspective. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment 94, 102802.  Google Scholar
  82. Zhou, H./Xu, G. (2022): Research on the impact of green finance on China’s regional ecological development based on system GMM model. Resources Policy 75, 102454.  Google Scholar

Abstract

Understanding the Methodological Approaches of Endogeneity Issues in Recent Studies on Energy Consumption and Its Determinants

This paper examined the econometric approaches used to address endogeneity issues in modelling energy consumption (EC) and renewable energy consumption (REC). The authors conducted a comprehensive review of relevant articles published during the 2018–2022 period and identified 28 studies that employed various econometric methods. These methods include Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL), generalized methods of moments (GMM), and combinations of approaches like ARDL, vector error correction model (VECM), dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS), and fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS). It highlights the use of dynamic generalized method of moments (GMM) estimators with panel data as a dominant approach in recent studies on energy consumption. This paper contributes to empirical studies on EC/REC given endogeneity issues, facilitating informed decision-making for sustainable energy development.

Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Hai Hong Trinh / Thanh Ngo / Tu Le: Understanding the Methodological Approaches of Endogeneity Issues in Recent Studies on Energy Consumption and Its Determinants 25
Abstract 25
1. Introduction 25
2. Literature review 29
3. Concluding remarks 41
References 42