Employment Problems under the Conditions of Rapid Technological Change
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Dams, T., Mizuno, M. (Eds.) (1988). Employment Problems under the Conditions of Rapid Technological Change. Duncker & Humblot. https://doi.org/10.3790/978-3-428-46384-8
Dams, Theodor and Mizuno, Masaichi. Employment Problems under the Conditions of Rapid Technological Change. Duncker & Humblot, 1988. Book. https://doi.org/10.3790/978-3-428-46384-8
Dams, T, Mizuno, M (eds.) (1988): Employment Problems under the Conditions of Rapid Technological Change, Duncker & Humblot, [online] https://doi.org/10.3790/978-3-428-46384-8
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Employment Problems under the Conditions of Rapid Technological Change
Editors: Dams, Theodor | Mizuno, Masaichi
Schriften zu Regional- und Verkehrsproblemen in Industrie- und Entwicklungsländern, Vol. 46
(1988)
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Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Editors’ Foreword | V | ||
| Table of Contents | VII | ||
| Alois Oberhauser/Stephan Joß: Employment Policy by Shortening Working Hours | 1 | ||
| Introduction | 1 | ||
| Macroeconomic Effects | 2 | ||
| Shortening Working Hours within the Limits of an Increase in Productivity | 4 | ||
| Shortening Working Hours by an Amount Exceeding the Increase in Productivity | 6 | ||
| Summary | 9 | ||
| Kuramitsu Muramatsu: Productivity, Employment and Turnover in Japanese Manufacturing Industries | 11 | ||
| I Introduction | 11 | ||
| II Productivity and Employment | 14 | ||
| III Employment and Dismissals | 18 | ||
| IV Dismissal and its Alternatives | 25 | ||
| V Concluding Remarks | 33 | ||
| Footnotes | 35 | ||
| Friedrich L. Sell: “A Comment on Professor K. Muramatsu’s Productivity, Employment and Turnover in Japanese Manufacturing Industries” | 37 | ||
| References | 43 | ||
| Footnotes | 43 | ||
| Siegfried Hauser: Unemployment and Reduction of Working Hours – Measurement, Impacts, Costs – | 45 | ||
| 1 Arithmetical Approach | 45 | ||
| 2 Possibilities offered and problems caused by a reduction of working hours | 46 | ||
| 2.1 Possibilities offered by a reduction of working hours | 46 | ||
| 2.2 Problems in the practical arrangement of a reduction in working hours | 47 | ||
| 2.3 Problem of wage adjustment | 49 | ||
| 3 Impact of a reduction of working hours | 49 | ||
| 3.1 Reduction of annual working hours | 49 | ||
| 3.1.1 Impact on working performance and on unit costs | 49 | ||
| 3.1.2 Reflections on national economic demand | 53 | ||
| 3.1.3 Remarks on the matter of wage adjustment | 55 | ||
| 3.2 Reduction of individual work life | 56 | ||
| 4 Final Remarks | 57 | ||
| Footnotes: | 58 | ||
| Bernhard Külp: The Impact of Investment for Increased Efficiency on Employment | 67 | ||
| Conclusion | 72 | ||
| Takashi Matsugi: Fixed Investment in a Time of Rapid Technological Change and its Effect on Employment and Productivity | 75 | ||
| I Introduction | 75 | ||
| II Characteristics of Japanese Fixed Investment in the 1960s and 1970s | 76 | ||
| II-1 Development of the relative share in GNP and its rate of increase | 76 | ||
| II-2 Advantageous tax policy to stimulate fixed investment | 80 | ||
| III Effects of New Technologies on Productivity and Employment | 83 | ||
| III-1 Effects on productivity | 83 | ||
| III-2 Effects on employment | 86 | ||
| Rainer Feninger: Segmentation Theories and their Applicability for the Labor Market of the Federal Republic of Germany | 93 | ||
| 1. Approaches of the Segmentation Theory | 93 | ||
| 1.1. Theory of the Imperfect Market | 93 | ||
| 1.2. “Job Search and Labor Turnover”-Theory | 94 | ||
| 1.3. “Dual-Labor Market”-Theory | 95 | ||
| 2. The Labor Market in the Federal Republic of Germany | 97 | ||
| 2.1. Structure of Production | 97 | ||
| 2.2. Structure of Employment | 98 | ||
| 2.2.1. Primary Segment | 98 | ||
| 2.2.2. Secondary Segment | 101 | ||
| 2.3. Synthesis | 105 | ||
| Notes | 108 | ||
| References | 109 | ||
| Masao Toda: Manpower Adjustment Policies of Firms under Microelectronic Innovation | 111 | ||
| I Introduction | 111 | ||
| II Intraenterprise Transfers and Retraining of the Transferred | 114 | ||
| II 1 A Statistical Overview of Intraenterprise Transfers | 114 | ||
| II 2 The Theory of Internal Labor Markets | 114 | ||
| II 3 The Nature of Microelectronic Innovation and the Induced Changes in Job Content | 118 | ||
| II 4 Retraining the Transferred: Patterns Found from the Survey on Employment Management | 121 | ||
| The 1977 Survey on Employment Management | 122 | ||
| Hypotheses and Findings | 123 | ||
| II 5 The Effect of Technological Change and Work Environment on the Rate of Transfer: Regression Analysis based on a 1982 Survey on Technological Innovation and Labor | 128 | ||
| Determinants of the Rate of Intrafirm Transfer | 130 | ||
| Empirical Results | 131 | ||
| III A Reconsideration of the Retraining of the Transferred Employees | 134 | ||
| III 1 Evidence from Other Studies | 134 | ||
| The 1981 Survey on Internal Labor Utilization | 139 | ||
| IV Summary and Conclusion | 145 | ||
| NOTES | 150 | ||
| REFERENCES | 150 | ||
| Hans-Hermann Francke: Innovative Investment and Taxation in the Federal Republic of Germany | 151 | ||
| A The Problem | 151 | ||
| B Theoretical Impact of Taxation on Risk-Taking | 152 | ||
| I Risk of Innovative Investment | 152 | ||
| II Taxation and Investment Risk | 153 | ||
| C Characteristics of the German System of Taxation | 154 | ||
| I General Systematic Aspects | 154 | ||
| II Discrimination against non-innovative investment | 156 | ||
| D Effects of Taxation on the Financing of Investments | 157 | ||
| I Effects on the supply of funds | 157 | ||
| II Effects on the risk structure | 158 | ||
| Dieter Friedrich: Estimation of the Economic Impact of New Technologies on Employment and Productivity | 161 | ||
| Introduction | 161 | ||
| 1. Effects of changes in technology | 162 | ||
| 2. Specification of a production function with regard to new technologies | 164 | ||
| 2.1 Organization of the production process | 164 | ||
| 2.2 Production at the operative level | 169 | ||
| 2.3 Capital utilization and working hours | 171 | ||
| 3. Empirical results | 174 | ||
| 4. Concluding remarks | 179 | ||
| Footnotes: | 180 | ||
| References | 180 | ||
| Hans-Josef Brink: Flexibility of Work – Scope and Design | 183 | ||
| 1. Flexibility in Business Administration and Practice | 183 | ||
| 2. Elements of Action as Attributes of the Systematization of Flexibility of Work | 184 | ||
| 2.1 Elements of Action | 184 | ||
| 2.2 Flexibilization of Action Elements | 185 | ||
| 3. Flexibilization of Working Time as an Element of the Flexibilization of Work | 186 | ||
| 4. Flexibilization of Working Time as a Problem of Design | 188 | ||
| Toshio Kanishima: Impact of New Technologies on Personnel Management with Special Reference to Office Automation | 195 | ||
| I Introduction | 195 | ||
| II Computer Development | 195 | ||
| III Characteristics of New Technological Innovations | 196 | ||
| IV Office Automation and Changes in Personnel Management | 197 | ||
| V Micro-Electronics and Health Discorders | 198 | ||
| VI Human Resource Development and Management Once Again | 199 | ||
| Impacts of Microelectronics on Human Resource Development in Production Systems – an Empirical Research of Factory Automation in Japan – Kazumasa Takemori | 203 | ||
| 1 Tendency of Productivity in Manufacturing Companies | 203 | ||
| 2 Background and Development of Automated Production Systems | 207 | ||
| 3 Elements of Feasibility Study for the Introduction Microelectronics (ME) Supported Systems | 214 | ||
| 4 Education Systems and Their Effects on ME Innovated Industries | 218 | ||
| 5 Case Studies on Manufacturing Firms | 222 | ||
| 5.1 Case of Ebara Manufacturing Company | 222 | ||
| 5.2 Case of Nachi-Fujikoshi Company | 225 | ||
| 6 New Education Systems by Various Sectors – a Proposal | 226 | ||
| Gratitude | 230 | ||
| References | 232 | ||
| I. Publications of Government or Institutes | 232 | ||
| II. Articles | 232 | ||
| Theodor Dams: Vocational Education and Challenge at a Time of Rapid Technological Change – Considerations on the Dual System | 235 | ||
| Definitions and the Problem | 235 | ||
| Historical Challenges | 235 | ||
| Selection of the problems to be treated | 238 | ||
| The quantitative problem and qualitative conclusions | 239 | ||
| Institutional aspects of considering and compiling new contents of the training program | 241 | ||
| Results of studies with general objectives | 242 | ||
| Areas of emphasis in vocational training research at a time of rapid technological change | 244 | ||
| Research Emphasis of the Bundesinstitut für Berufsbildung | 245 | ||
| The Institute for Labor Market and Occupational Research (IAB) of the Federal Agency of Labor (Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB) der Bundesanstalt für Arbeit | 246 | ||
| Concluding Remarks | 247 | ||
| Footnotes: | 249 | ||
| Kunihiro Jojima: Technological Development and the Labor Market in Light of the Differential Social Structures in Japan and the Federal Republic of Germany | 251 | ||
| 1 The Problem | 251 | ||
| 2 A Logical Classification for Technological Development | 252 | ||
| 3 Technological Development which replaces labor | 254 | ||
| 4 Technological Development which does not replace labor | 256 | ||
| 5 Technological Development where Capital cannot be replaced – TD that creates Labor | 257 | ||
| 6 Closing Remarks | 258 | ||
| A Report on the Scientific Cooperation Between the Economics Faculty of Freiburg University and Japan, Specifically Nagoya University | 261 | ||
| 1. Preliminary Remarks | 261 | ||
| 2. Institutional Cooperation | 261 | ||
| 2.1 Contacts with the Economics Faculty of Nagoya University | 261 | ||
| 2.2 Further Institutional Contacts | 264 | ||
| 3. Personnel Exchange | 266 | ||
| 3.1 Stays by Faculty Members from Nagoya University in Freiburg | 266 | ||
| 3.2 Stays of other Japanese Guests in Freiburg | 267 | ||
| 3.3 Stays by Freiburg Faculty Members in Japan | 268 | ||
| 4. Teaching | 269 | ||
| 5. Publications | 270 | ||
| 5.1 Publications from the Nagoya-Freiburg Dialogue | 270 | ||
| 5.2 Other Publications | 272 | ||
| 5.3 Planned Publications | 273 |