German Immigrants in Edinburgh and Leith, 1862–1914
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German Immigrants in Edinburgh and Leith, 1862–1914
Prinz-Albert-Forschungen / Prince Albert Research Publications. Neue Folge, Vol. 4
(2025)
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Larah Wessendorf studierte Geschichte, Klassische Archäologie und Vor- und Frühgeschichtliche Archäologie an der Universität Hamburg. Sie arbeitet als Historikerin und Genealogin und ist Vorstandsmitglied der Genealogischen Gesellschaft Hamburg e.V. und initiierte dort u. a. das Datenbankprojekt zu den 2018 kassierten »Hamburger Todesbescheinigungen«.Abstract
This study is the first to provide an introductory overview of the history of German immigrants in Edinburgh and Leith between 1862 and 1914, documenting the origins, social organisation and professional activities of German immigrants based on sources that have not yet been fully analysed. The focus is on the foundation and development of the German Evangelical Church in Edinburgh and Leith, which served as a cultural centre for the Germans living in Edinburgh and the surrounding area, as well as the German Seamen's Mission on the Firth of Forth, which was affiliated to the church. Secondly, the German immigrants themselves, whose exemplary biographies provide an insight into the lives and professions they pursued in Edinburgh and Leith. The study shows that it was not only economic motives that led to migration, but above all family motives in the form of chain migration. With the outbreak of the First World War, the German community in Edinburgh and Leith disintegrated and only began to re-form at the end of the Second World War.The study provides an introductory overview of the German community in Edinburgh and Leith. It examines how the German immigrants were ethnically organised and which different professions they pursued. It also focusses on the individual immigrant and their biography.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Acknowledgments | 7 | ||
| Table of Contents | 9 | ||
| Introduction | 13 | ||
| A. German Emigration in the Nineteenth Century | 21 | ||
| I. Emigration Patterns | 21 | ||
| II. Political Refugees from the German Revolution 1848/1849 | 23 | ||
| 1. Gottfried Ludwig Stechan (1816–1875) | 24 | ||
| B. The German Evangelical Church for Edinburgh and Leith (1862–1914) | 29 | ||
| I. The Beginnings of the German Evangelical Church for Edinburgh and Leith: Pastor Theodore Jonas Meyer (1818–1896) | 29 | ||
| II. Pastor John Blumenreich (1823–1884) | 31 | ||
| III. Pastor Karl Wagner-Groben (1836–1886) | 40 | ||
| 1. Christian Associations of the German Evangelical Church | 47 | ||
| IV. Pastor Martin Locher (1862–1951) | 49 | ||
| V. Pastor Hermann Wilm (1865–1942) | 51 | ||
| VI. Pastor Martin Langenau (1863–1935) | 52 | ||
| VII. Pastor Friedrich Ringshausen (1874–1920) and Pastor Friedrich Reimer (1876–1945) | 54 | ||
| VIII. Pastor Ernst Albrecht (1879–1931) | 56 | ||
| IX. Pastor Curt Planer (1884–1965) | 57 | ||
| C. German Seamen’s Mission at the Firth of Forth (1885–1914) | 59 | ||
| D. German Consular Representation in Edinburgh and Leith | 66 | ||
| I. German Consular Representation in Edinburgh and Leith in the Nineteenth Century | 66 | ||
| II. Consular Representation in Edinburgh and Leith for the Hanseatic Cities, the North German Confederation, and Imperial Germany | 69 | ||
| III. Consul Adolph Robinow (1806–1885) | 72 | ||
| IV. Consuls Hugo Friedrich Knoblauch (1839–1923) and Louis William Knoblauch (1873–1950) | 75 | ||
| E. Germans in Edinburgh and Leith and their Professions | 79 | ||
| I. Germans in the Hospitality and Delicatessen Business | 80 | ||
| 1. Hotel Proprietors and Managers in Edinburgh and Leith | 83 | ||
| a) Hotels in Leith | 83 | ||
| b) Hotels in Edinburgh | 85 | ||
| 2. Confectioners in Edinburgh and Portobello | 93 | ||
| II. German Pork Butchers | 95 | ||
| 1. German Pork Butchers from Hohenlohe in Britain | 95 | ||
| 2. Hohenlohe Pork Butchers in Edinburgh | 100 | ||
| III. Wandering Musicians of Western Palatinate | 109 | ||
| 1. The Wandering Musicians of Western Palatinate | 109 | ||
| 2. The Wandering Musicians in Edinburgh | 114 | ||
| IV. German Sugar Bakers | 119 | ||
| 1. German Sugar Bakers in the British Sugar Industry | 119 | ||
| 2. The Sugar Industry of Scotland | 123 | ||
| 3. The Process of Refining Sugar | 126 | ||
| a) Sugar Refining in the Eighteenth Century | 127 | ||
| b) Sugar Refining in the Nineteenth Century | 128 | ||
| 4. German Sugar Bakers in Edinburgh and Leith | 129 | ||
| V. German Glass Bottle Blowers | 135 | ||
| 1. German Glass Bottle Blowers | 135 | ||
| 2. The Glass Industry in Edinburgh, Leith and Portobello | 135 | ||
| 3. German Glass Bottle Blowers in Portobello | 138 | ||
| VI. German Black Forest Clockmakers | 146 | ||
| 1. German Clockmakers of the Black Forest | 146 | ||
| 2. German Clockmakers in Edinburgh | 149 | ||
| VII. German Hairdressers | 152 | ||
| VIII. Germans at the University of Edinburgh | 158 | ||
| 1. Department of Music | 158 | ||
| a) Frederick Niecks (1845–1924) | 158 | ||
| b) Frederick Niecks at the University of Edinburgh | 160 | ||
| 2. Department of Sanskrit and Comparative Philology | 163 | ||
| a) The Study of Sanskrit in Britain in the Nineteenth Century | 163 | ||
| b) Theodor Aufrecht (c. 1821/22–1907) | 164 | ||
| c) Hans Julius Eggeling (1842–1918) | 166 | ||
| 3. Department of German Language and Literature | 167 | ||
| a) German Language and Literature at the University of Edinburgh | 167 | ||
| b) Otto Schlapp (1859–1939) | 167 | ||
| c) The Edinburgh German Society | 170 | ||
| IX. Astronomy | 172 | ||
| 1. Jakob Halm (1866–1944) | 172 | ||
| X. The German Governess | 178 | ||
| 1. The German Governess in England | 180 | ||
| 2. The German Governess in the English Home | 182 | ||
| 3. The German Governess in Edinburgh and the Surrounding Area | 184 | ||
| 4. The German Governess in the Home of the Scottish Gentry | 185 | ||
| 5. The German Governess in the Scottish Middle-Class Home | 186 | ||
| 6. The German Governess at Scottish Boarding Schools | 191 | ||
| 7. The German Governess in the Home of German Immigrants | 196 | ||
| 8. The German Governess and the German Community in Edinburgh and Leith | 197 | ||
| F. Conclusion | 199 | ||
| G. Appendix | 202 | ||
| I. Abbreviations | 202 | ||
| II. Register of Illustrations | 202 | ||
| III. Kurzfassung der Ergebnisse | 202 | ||
| IV. Summary of the Results | 204 | ||
| H. Bibliography | 207 | ||
| I. Primary Sources | 207 | ||
| 1. Archival Material | 207 | ||
| a) Archiv der Hansestadt Lübeck | 207 | ||
| b) Bundesarchiv, Berlin-Lichterfelde | 207 | ||
| c) Centre for Research Collections, University of Edinburgh | 207 | ||
| d) Evangelisches Zentralarchiv, Berlin | 207 | ||
| e) Geheimes Staatsarchiv Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Berlin | 208 | ||
| f) Generallandesarchiv Karlsruhe | 208 | ||
| g) Handschriftenabteilung, Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky | 209 | ||
| h) National Library of Scotland, Edinburgh | 209 | ||
| i) National Records of Scotland, Edinburgh | 209 | ||
| j) Politisches Archiv des Auswärtigen Amts, Berlin | 210 | ||
| k) Special Collections, Edinburgh University Library | 210 | ||
| l) Staatsarchiv Hamburg | 210 | ||
| 2. Printed Sources | 210 | ||
| a) Post Office Directories | 210 | ||
| b) Contemporary Books, Articles, and Memoirs | 212 | ||
| II. Secondary Sources | 217 | ||
| 1. Books and Articles | 217 | ||
| III. Electronic Sources | 225 | ||
| 1. Websites | 225 | ||
| 2. Newspapers | 228 | ||
| 3. Databases | 239 | ||
| a) Ancestry | 239 | ||
| b) Archion | 241 | ||
| c) Family Search | 243 | ||
| d) Find a Grave | 243 | ||
| f) Genealogische Gesellschaft Hamburg e. V. | 243 | ||
| g) Matricula | 243 | ||
| h) Parliamentary Papers | 244 | ||
| i) Prisoners of the First World War, the ICRC Archives | 244 | ||
| j) ScotlandsPeople | 244 | ||
| k) WieWasWie | 245 | ||
| I. Illustrations | 246 | ||
| J. Index | 252 | ||
| Persons | 252 | ||
| Subjects | 259 |